the family of little feet Essay -- essays research papers

The early phases of growing up can have its own unique problems. There are many different things that can go wrong while growning up. Your whole body is changing and it cand take some getting used to. There were many stories that I read in the literature book that illustrated this to me. I will compare these stories to each other to see how they were similiar and also to see the different problems people experience while growing up. In the story "the family of little feet", three little girls go out to explore the world and discover many wonderfull thing and also many evil things(Cisneros, 77). The poem "in just" is about what kids see when they look at the world(Cummings, 158). These stories are similiar in that they both show a kids perspective on everyday things. In the Cummings story the kids see the ballonman as a magical creature. It also shows how kids love spring. After being locked up inside all winter they can finally go outside and run around and get dirty and just have fun. In Cisneros story about the magical shoes that there mother had given to them it shows how kids can really grow up too fast. The kids just want to be kids but everyone else is seeing them as grown ups. The girls do not really understand what is going on. And when they get home they just want to get rid of the shoes so they can just be kids again. These two stories are about just being young and doing stuff that ...

Tomorrow When the War Began Essay Year 9

anTomorrow When the War Began by John Marsden Tomorrow when the war began by John Marsden is an epic novel about the struggles 7 mismatched teens face when their home town has been invaded. A series of obstacles including love, lust, politics and friendship is just the start of what these young adults will be put up against in their journey to take back their family and their homes. Decisions will be made and sacrifices will be taken only to help build a stronger and more united front against their enemy.As in real life, first impressions matter. Teenagers come in all different shapes and sizes, and with this group there is no difference. Ellie (the view point in which this novel is written in) is the typical all-round rural teen girl. She loves a bit of girly time with her girlfriends, but doesn’t mind getting her hands dirty helping her parents out with their farm. She’s an intelligent, outgoing, frivolous, young writer who emerges primarily as the ‘glue’ that holds this odd bunch of teens together. â€Å"Rack off guys!I’ll never get this done. †(p. 1) Right from the page l, Marsden has cleverly given us our stereotypical idea of a young teen girl, using slang words like â€Å"Rack off†¦ †. (1 more quote) Homer on the other hand is quite the opposite. Besides the fact that he’s male, his initial introduction could be compared to a young boy or monkey. He’s a rule breaker and a tree shaker. He’s not one to fold under the pressures of his peers and loves to live up to his Greek ancestors. Referred to as wild and outrageous, he’s more brawn than brains.Winding up girls and smashing in windows with his mates takes his fancy, and disobedience may very well be the one word that sums up this tanned and rough Aussie rural. â€Å" Homer was wild and outrageous. He didn’t care what he did or what anyone thought. Mrs Yannos tried to make Homer eat Brussels sprouts; they had a massiv e argument which ended with Homer chucking the sprouts at his mum. Homer always seemed to be in trouble. †(p. 15-16). This extract is a great example of how Marsden has created the form work of a young and rebellious teen boy.Real life experiences are enough to change a person both physically and mentally. These are pivotal moment(s) in a person’s life that make people choose different paths and decide on who they will become from that moment on, whether they know it or not. Ellie’s character is a great example of this with the changes to her personality as the events unfold during their ordeal. This law abiding citizen goes through many tests of logic, skill and quick thinking. Although some situations may terrorise her, they still play a major part in her characters development.In the seventh chapter of this book, Ellie is faced with her first ordeal of stepping out into enemy territory and running to the safety of a tree. â€Å"A single movement was the key t o finding my spirit. There was a tree about four steps away,†¦ I suddenly made myself leave the darkness and go to it†¦. This is it. I’ve done it! It was a dance of courage. At that moment I stopped being an innocent rural teenager and started becoming someone else†¦ † (p. 81-82) Marsden has set this pivotal moment of Ellie’s journey up very well.His descriptive language and well thought-out dialogue really helps put the reader into a position where they can think like Ellie has thought and feel the transformations Ellie has undergone. She’s gotten to the point where she was able to take the plunge into her new and unknown self, leaving her child-like being behind and run towards her new found grownup self. At the beginning of the novel, Ellie portrays Kevin to be self riches guy who loves to be right and quite selfish. â€Å"He was known for having a big ego and he liked to take the credit for everything†¦ † (p. 4)His beliefs an d morals are elements of his personality that change as an effect of the war. In the final chapters of the novel Kevin emerges in a rage of love and friendship to put himself aside and help his injured girlfriend. â€Å"Corrie’s my mate and I’m not going to dump her and run. It has to be me†¦ if you don’t mind I want to do it. †(p. 281) Kevin has made a huge contrast to his old self and shown his loyalty and love for his partner, leaving himself a little more vulnerable with his feels so open unprotected. Again Marsden has incorporated the use of teen slang into Kevin’s speech, so to not lose any of its realism.A good friendship is something that binds groups of people together, no matter the situation. This group’s friendship prospers and grows between every member of the team. Some even fall in love. That’s why when it comes to making tough decisions it can be even tougher if you’re close with one another. At many a time the group finds themselves in sticky situations of life and death. An example of this would be when Homer made the unpopular decision to ask the group to split up. Some members of the group sided with logic and backed up Homer. â€Å"So what are you suggesting? (p. 75) Kevin said, but like in any argument others were against the idea. Homer’s new found leadership made it possible for him to persuade the group against friendship and to side with logic. There was some element of compromise where certain team members stayed together because of other emotional reasons but Homer still got his way. As the novel progresses we see that this decision was a good idea to take on. Marsden has used the idea of relationships between members of the group to favour his main audience of teenagers, but is still a book any age can enjoy.In summary, this â€Å"Tomorrow When The War Began† by John Marsden, delves into the emotional and quite raw parts of the teenage person. These teens a re really stripped to their bare essentials and are forced to take on a new and more sophisticated perspective and personality. Some characters may be idealised for their courage to stand up and make a change. A responder can really relate and take on their emotional journey’s which is another reason why this book is so popular with its wide audience.

Erik Erikson s Eight Stages Of Psychosocial Development

Erik Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development are very well known in the world of psychology. These eight stages deal with critical situations that we go through in life from infancy to late adulthood. â€Å"Throughout life we go through various stages during which we meet ever changing psychosocial challenges – the completion of these stages prepares us to move on to the following stages (Erikson’s Stages Through Identity).† This makes sense because we go through life making decisions in order to learn form them, and as we go through these stages that is exactly what we are doing. The first of Erik Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development is Trust versus Mistrust. According to our textbook, â€Å"babies either trust that others will care for their basic needs, including nourishment, warmth, cleanliness, and physical contact, or develop mistrust about the care of others (Berger, 2014).† If parents are caring for their chi ldren correctly and fulfilling their child’s needs than the infant will successfully resolve the first phase of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. At this point they will begin to go through the second stage, Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt. During this period children either begin to do independent things such as using the bathroom, and feeding as well as dressing themselves, or they begin to question whether or not they can complete these tasks on their own. Simply Psychology told that, â€Å"Erikson states it is critical that parentsShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development884 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson Erik Erikson was born June 15, 1902. Erikson is best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erik Erikson died May 12, 1994 due to prostate cancer. (Erik Erikson, 2015). Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentRead MoreErik Erikson s Stages Of Development1608 Words   |  7 Pages The Psychosocial Development The View on Erik H. Erikson s Stages of Development Frank Phan Cosumnes River College Psychology 300 Abstract This paper will touch over the aspects of Erik H Erickson s eight stages and how they affect everyday lives from infancy to adulthood. The paper will go over the approximate ages and the psychosocial crisis that they will eventually come to. Neglecting a child can lead to a cause of mental negligence in the form of Arrested Development. Within differentRead MoreThe Theorist I Choose For This Paper That I Believe I Relate1509 Words   |  7 Pagesmost is Erik Erikson. Erik Erikson is best known for his theory on identity, which was a theory that was broadened from Sigmund Freud while retaining its core work (Schultz, D. Schultz, S., 2013). Erik Erikson’s mother, who was Jewish, became pregnant but a man that was not her husband after her husband’s disappearance. She was sent to Germany, where she gave birth to Erik. Erik Erikson grew up believing his pediatrician was his biological father due to his mother marrying this man. Since Erik EriksonRead MoreErik Erikson : P sychosocial Development1103 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages of Development â€Å"Erik Erikson was best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked and important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood events, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan† (Cherry). This paper will discuss Erikson’s childhood and the influence it had on his work. AlsoRead MoreDevelopmental Psychologist Erik Erikson s Stages Of Psychosocial Development1729 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental psychologist Erik Erikson changed the way that people viewed the psychosocial development in humans throughout their lifespan. Using the foundation provided by Freud’s psychosexual stages, he modified the concepts to where they demonstrated external impacts on development as well as making it more about emotional conflicts than necessarily physical drives. This eight-stage theory is seque ntial, and requires the person to overcome conflicts in each stage to become a productive memberRead MoreAnalysis Of Eriksons Theory On Early Childhood Education1212 Words   |  5 Pagesthe education profession. Erik Erikson Hope is both the earliest and the most indispensable virtue inherent in the state of being alive. If life is to be sustained hope must remain, even where confidence is wounded, trust impaired. - Erik Erikson Erik Erikson (1902-1994) was a Germon born developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human lie. He is most famous for devising the phrase â€Å"identity crisis.† Erikson was a Harvard professor althoughRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Mcadams 1154 Words   |  5 Pagesin late adolescent and young adult, people living in modern societies start the conception of the personal past, comprehend the present, and foresee the future in a way of developing self-story that integrative narrative about their real life. Psychosocial is the life stories of the individual in which the life of the individual have a meaning. The life stories of the individual represent the cultural values, norms, race and the person spirituality. The purpose of the author in this article isRead MoreThe Eight Crisis Stages Of Erik Erikson Development Theory1456 Words   |  6 Pagesdefined by an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that help to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions. With development the series of age-related changes that happen over the course of a life span which theorist observe these developments as a series of stages during which individuals displays qualities of behavior patterns. There are five theoretical orientation to development such as psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavioral and social cognitive, ethological, and ecological. It is a fact thatRead MoreEarly Life Experiences Impact The Person Across Their Lifespan930 Words   |  4 Pagesin the Jane Piaget theory ‘Stages of cognitive development’ (1936) and Erik Erikson theory ‘Psychosocial stages’ (1950). Piaget argued that children develop knowledge by constructing their experience and observe with their own ideas a bout how the thing works.(Burton, L.J., Westen, d. Kowalski, R.M. 2015) He developed 4 stages of his theory: Sensorimotor Stage, Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage and Formal Operational Stage. At the same time, Erik Erikson proposed a psychoanalytic theory

Choosing The Correct Teaching Method - 1290 Words

Teaching Methods Introduction Choosing the correct teaching method is important to help the learner retain and learn information in an effective and efficient way. Tobacco use is a health related topic that needs further education and intervention from a nurse. When selecting two teaching methods that are of interest to me, which would be beneficial to use when educating a small group of five people about this health-related topic are group discussion and demonstration and return demonstration. Group discussion involves the deliverance of medical information or education to a small group of individuals which may include their family so information, opinions can be exchanged with the nurse. This is simple way to deliver information to more than one person at one time if time management is a concern, and the nurse is able to build trust and rapport with the group as a whole. Demonstration and return demonstration works more effectively in a small group and involves education or teaching with the nurse and lea rner(s). This method also allows time for feedback from both parties. The nurse gives the learner a demonstration of a task to perform and the learner has to attempt to carry out the task back showing competence, and the nurse is on standby to give cues as needed. Group discussions Group discussions are beneficial as this teaching method is useful as it allows the learners to share information about their personal experiences and is both economically andShow MoreRelatedHow Tobacco Use Teaching Methods1280 Words   |  6 PagesTobacco Use Teaching Methods Introduction Choosing the correct teaching method is important to help the learner retain and learn information in an effective and efficient way. Tobacco use is a health related topic that needs further education and intervention from a nurse. Group discussion and demonstration, and return demonstration are two teaching methods of interest to me, which I believe will be beneficial to use when educating a small group of five people about this health-related topicRead MoreStatistics Is A Useful Tool In The Medical Field. This1051 Words   |  5 Pagesservicing people to improve their health. Just like looking through mechanical tools you must choose the right tools to conduct, or carry out the duties needed to improve the situation. In which identifying the correct statistics by knowing and understanding that there are several statistics methods. Hence, the first step is to recognize the appropriated statistic used in the study. When assessing statistics, it is important to determine if it is either descriptive, or inferential statistics. A descriptiveRead MoreOne Size Fits All Schooling915 Words   |  4 PagesSchools need the ability and the freedom to experiment with teaching methods and figure out which ones work and which ones do not. However, by only using one standardized method across the board it makes it harder to discover what needs to be taught and how it should be taught. Some people may be thinking, â€Å"why should we take a risk with something as vital as a child s education?† I mean, we should just pick the best approach at teaching and educate everyone that way, should we not? Sadly, it sRead MoreTa Level 3 Ncfe Course1727 Words   |  7 PagesExplain 5 strategies that a teaching assistant might use to support literacy development. The teaching assistant could read to the pupils on a daily basis, this will help pupils learn how fluent reading sounds and this will help them understand how sentences and text can make sense, and will learn when to pause for full stops, question marks etc, and they will also learn how using expression in reading can make a story more exciting and understandable. The teaching assistant can have one to oneRead MoreKey Features of AL and CLT Approach1363 Words   |  5 Pages1. Compare and contrast the key features of AL and CLT approach Audio-lingual approach Communicative teaching language approach Approach Nature of language -structural view -Language: a system of structural phonological, grammatical and lexical patterns to express the functional meanings -functional view -Language: a medium for social interaction and communication Nature of language learning Behaviorism – Habit formation via over-learning Learners’ engagement in authentic and meaningfulRead MoreEssay on Teaching as an Art or a Science721 Words   |  3 PagesTeaching as an Art or a Science Teaching: Is it an Art, or is it a science? I think that teaching requires both art and science. They both play a role on each other, because if a teacher only demonstrates one of these types of teaching, their classroom will most likely be very boring. Teaching as an art demonstrates ways in which the teacher may use creative ways to present the material so it is fun and interesting for his or her students. Some examples are games, â€Å"hands-on† activitiesRead MoreFor Many Years, Teachers Have Worked To Make Their Students1662 Words   |  7 Pagesvocabulary skills (Constantinescu, 2007). The primary method teachers have used when teaching vocabulary is explicit instruction which includes mentioning the definition and expecting students to remember the word meanings (Kennedy, Deshler, Lloyd, 2013). Instead of continuing to use explicit instruction to teach vocabulary, educators should use untraditional methods of teaching such as the use of technology to enhance their methods of teaching vocabulary to better all students. It has been increasinglyRead MoreQuestions On Online Research Skills1613 Words   |  7 Pages Online Research Skills Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Online Research Skills Introduction Technology has revolutionized the realm of education through increasing the number of sources and methods of research (Cottrell, 2013). The accessibility of online-based research platforms has created an avenue for students to have ultimate desire to learn and eventually become qualified scholars. Research and more especially educational research open the heart and minds of studentsRead MoreDifferent Approaches Of Teaching Second Language1119 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout history, different approaches of teaching second language have been developed. These approaches have been adopted by some and criticized by others. Nobody has ever agreed on a certain approach to be the best or the worst. Language teaching methods mainly refer to the approaches that the teacher adopts and the materials used by the teacher to facilitate the process of learning. The methods of language teaching have been prioritized according to the main skills in anyRead MoreHow Technology Has Revolutionized The Realm Of Education1535 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Technology has revolutionized the realm of education through increasing the number of sources and methods of research (Cottrell, 2013). The accessibility of online-based research platforms has created an avenue for students to have ultimate desire to learn and eventually become qualified scholars. Research and more especially educational research open the heart and minds of students to greater inventions; hence, creating a better and accomplished society. Accessibility of information

India Has a Federal Form of Government - 11085 Words

India has a federal form of government, and hence a federal finance system. The essence of federal form of government is that the Centre and the State Governments should be independent of each other in their respective, constitutionally demarcated spheres of Action. Once the fundamentals of the government are spelt out, it becomes equally important that each of the government should be provided with sources of raising adequate revenues to discharge the functions entrusted to it. For the successful operation of the federal form of government financial independence and adequacy for the backbone. Sales taxes are most important revenue for the state sin India. While the taxes vary in their design, they are generally levied in the first point†¦show more content†¦List III is a concurrent List, which includes administration of justice, economic and social planning, trade and commerce, etc. According to Article 246, Seventh Schedule, Parliament has exclusive powers to make laws regarding matters enumerated in List I, not withstanding the provisions of the other clauses of this Article. On the other hand, the Legislature of any state has exclusive power to make laws for the state regarding any of the matters enumerated in List II, subject to other clauses[5]. With regard to List III, both the Parliament and a State Legislature can make laws but the law listed in I or III, vests with the Union. Thus, the Union has supremacy over a wide range of the legislative field. These lists include the powers of taxation also. The union List includes among others, taxes on income othe r than agricultural income, excise duties, customs and corporation tax. The State list includes land revenue, excise on Alcoholic liquors, tax on agricultural incomes, estate duty, taxes on sale or purchase of goods, taxes on vehicles, on professions, on luxuries, on entertainment, on stamp duties, etc. the concurrent list does not include any important taxes. Accordingly there are both mandatory and enabling provisions in the Constitution for facilitating a wide-ranging transfer of resources, arranged in a systematic manner, through 1) Levy of duties by the Center butShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Unitary And Federal System1524 Words   |  7 Pagesprovincial levels. The major distinctions that can be made are between unitary and federal systems. Only the central government has the constitutional sovereignty and power in unitary system. The central government shares that constitutional sovereignty and power in subdivisions called, states, provinces, regions while applying the federal system. In this case, sub governments have separated the powers from the federal government and modifications can only be made through constitutional amendment. ThereRead MoreIndia Is A Quasi Federal With Strong Favoritism Towards Centre940 Words   |  4 PagesIndia is a Quasi federal with strong partiality towards Centre. A unitary state is a state governed by a single power that is the central government and other administrative divisions follow the powers delegated by the central government. Some of the unitary features of the Indian constitution are single citizenship, a strong centre, single constitution for union and the states, centre having the power to change the name and boundaries of the states, single unified judiciary to function as unitaryRead MoreIs Federalism And State Separation? Essay1484 Words   |  6 Pagesfact that within many countries, there are various different cultures, political views, ethnicity, religious beliefs and so forth; it is no surprise when internal state conflicts emerge. Each country has a different way of resolving their internal state conflicts. Canada for instance uses a federal system in order to efficiently resolve local and national issues. Other countries such as, Sudan applied State separation in order to resolve their internal state conflicts, resulting into the creationRead MoreIndia Of The Indus Valley Civilization1087 Words   |  5 PagesIndia, the Indus Valley civilization is truly an ancient seat of human civilization. Being the seventh largest country in the world, India has always been rich in both natural and human resources. So far as human history goes India towers in its achievements among which would be included written language, philosophy and one of the earliest large scale urban civilizations. The history of India is replete with many examples of the integration of indigenous peoples with the migrating peoples of theRead MoreComparing a Aboriginal and Australian Justice Systems1304 Words   |  6 Pageshave chosen India and United Kingdom. Separation of Power is a model of governance widely followed in democratic countries. In Australia power is didvided between the federal governments and the six state governments. Responsibilities are assigned accordingly. At the centre there is the Senate and the House of Representatives. All the six states have their own constitution and neither tries to encroach on each others domain. If there is any dispute between the commonwealth government and the stateRead MorePest Analysis of India1064 Words   |  5 Pagesof India This paper will provide the advantages and disadvantages of different facets that fall within the PEST analysis: political, economical, social, and technological aspects of India. Political: India is the biggest democracy in the world, with a government type of federal republic. The country’s form of government mimics the United States with its federal structure. The federal government consists of executive, legislative, and judicial branches. In addition, India has adoptedRead MoreIndia and the US are democratic countries; however, India is a developing country, while the US is900 Words   |  4 Pages India and the US are democratic countries; however, India is a developing country, while the US is a developed country. Both countries’ have different geography, ethnic makeup, culture, history and life style. The differences between the US and India are clear. India and the US are facing different challenges to ensure political, economic and social stability. The US is a federal constitutional republic where the president of the US is a head of state and government, which makes him aRead MoreU.s. Debt Is Growing1496 Words   |  6 Pages1. If the U.S. debt is growing, why doesn t the government cut back on spending and can you make any recommendations on what to cut? (Hint: You should consider the list of Largest Budget Items listed on the Debt Clock before making recommendations.) Answer: If there is a difference in the spending of government and the in income will lead to the deficits. More over deficits occurs when the amount of government total budget exceeds its total receipt for a fiscal year was said by US senate budgetRead MoreFederalism: A Happy Medium Between Unitary and Confederate Governments536 Words   |  3 PagesStates Constitution established a form of government called federalism. In addition to the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Germany, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria and Switzerland are all federalist governments. In a federalist government, political systems divide and share power and resources between central and regional governments. A federalist government is very unique and contrasts with other government types such as a unitary and confederate government. Overall the balance between aRead MoreOthe Native Population And Original Form Of Government1652 Words   |  7 Pageso The native population and original form of gov ernment in Pakistan. The population of Pakistan is 195,685,058 as of March 27th, 2017, based on the latest United Nations estimates. This is equivalent to 2.62% of the total world population, ranking at number 6 in the list of countries and colonies by population. In 1955, just a few years after Pakistan became an independent country in 1947, the population was at 40,427,072. This is a rise of approximately 150,000,000 in 62 years. o The colonial era

Individual Analysis Free Essays

Individual Case Analysis Contents 1. 0Analysis Using Motivation Theories1 1. 1Equity Theory1 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2Expectancy Theory1 1. 3 Three-need Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 2. 0Criticisms of the Management Functions3 3. 0Main Problems Defined4 4. 0References5 5. 0Appendices6 5. 1Appendix 1: SWOT Analysis6 5. 2 Appendix 2: Equity Theory Table†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 1. 0Analysis Using Motivation Theories 1. 1Equity Theory According to Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter (2003) equity theory was developed by J. Stacey Adam. Campebell, Dunnette and Miller (1969) states the purpose of this theory is aim at employees’ assimilation from a job situation. Kaplan, Reckers and Reynolds (1986) notes these are outcomes, in relation to the efforts they put in, inputs, and then compare with others. In the case, Lisa compares her input-outcome ratio with Leanne, which seems imbalance and unfair. Lisa feels jealous as Steve decided to go again her suggestion to hand over half of her workload to the youngest team member, Leanne. She also sees that Leanne became more dominant. Lisa was treated unfairly by two other members putting the blames at her who forced Steve to reprimand her. The distraught Lisa’s thinking was to give other members of the team who has more experience to take over some of her work rather than Leanne. In the end Lisa lodged a compensation claim for her nervous breakdown cased by Leanne. Also stated by Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter (2003), employees’ motivation is influenced by rewards. Base on the above-mentioned, Steve should use the equity method in treatments of staff. Therefore, whenever an employee assess their own equity and perceive inequity, he or she will act to correct the situation rather than lack of motivation. Please refer to 5. 2 Appendix 2 for table showing equity theory. 2. Expectancy Theory According to Montana and Charnov (2000), expectancy theory shows that rewards could motivate employees to increase their efforts. Taylor (1964) notes this encourages better performance leading to a positive outcome. Steve applied the expectancy theory under his management. By doing this, he made an announcement that he will increase employees’ salary base on performance rating. Due to massive increase in training loads, Lisa was overworked and with projects behind schedule. Then Green (1992) states on of the believing is that employees believe if they perform well, they will get the reward. Leanne is an ambitious person that is why she offers help as she believes in good performance could get better outcome and reward. On the other hand, according to Montana and Charnov (2000), an employee can decide on which outcome they prefer. Due to immense pressure from overload and conflict with Leanne, Lisa has made a decision to take stress leave. This reduces the efforts Lisa requires to put into her work. 3. Three-need Theory McClelland (as quoted by anonymous, 2008) states an employee’s motivation and effectiveness are influenced by the following: Need for Achievement – McClelland (quoted by Pattanyak, 2006) notes motivation that influences employees to direct his or her behaviour towards attaining goals. According to the achievement explained, Lisa is not motivated to challenge of orking at a problem and do not accept any personal responsibilities for failure, rather leaving the actions and chance for Leanne to achieve the outcome. Need for Affiliation – Courtney (2002) notes McClelland had suggested that people are motivated by different things. Also, base on the statement stated by Tosi, Mero and Rizzo (2000), McClelland’s theory on affiliation has a need for friendly relationships an d have good interactions with others. These people can co-operate well in a team. Referring to the explanation of affiliation, Lisa’s jealousy and conflict with Leanne had caused friction and resignation in the team. It shows there is a lack of communication skills and co-operate for Lisa in the team. Lisa’s personal attitude problem towards Leanne also caused her relationship problems with colleague and manager. Need for Power – McClelland (quoted by Pattanyak, 2006) notes that people at a high position would want the power to control other people for their own goals. According to Ved (2005) there are: Social – controls the company’s movement, and Personal – influence others to further the desire. Leanne entered InsureCo. as a new team member under Lisa’s leadership in a team. Soon after, Leanne quickly made good relationship with the manager and quick to promote her skills, which lead her over stepped the power of Lisa. Therefore, Lisa felt she was unable to control Leanne to achieve her outcome. Lisa has also lost control of her team when couple of the team members resigned. With the lost control of power, Lisa lost the battle to be promoted. Therefore, she is not motivated. 2. 0Criticisms of the Management Functions The management of InsureCo. has several negative practices, they are: – The way Steve manages the company’s environment The way Steve supervise employees, and – How staff co-operate with each other as a team. According to Bell and Smith (2006), the use of communication and verbal skills for managers is vital in their management work. By listening to employees, companies could improve employees’ job satisfaction. According to Deci and Ryab (1985), the greatest motivation act is managers could do for his or her empl oyee is listening. In this case, Steve does not communicate effectively to his staff about his expectations and resolving problem issues within the working environment. He does not think of the concern that if he recognise the new employee, Leanne, Lisa would complain about the recognition. To prevent the complaining obstacle, Steve should listen to Lisa when she complained about Leanne in regards to her I. T. skills. Steve should act on the complaint and assess Leanne’s ability in the I. T. field. If it does prove that she has the skills, there would not be jealousy in Lisa. Schuler and Jackson (1999) mentioned that fair treatment of employee which will make them more committed in an organisation. It means, Steve should treat Lisa and Leanne equally. It is not where he should reprimand Lisa in front of her colleagues and in a way without her giving reasons. This is an embarrassment for Lisa. This also shows there is a lack of fair treatment within the management system of the company. According to Cook (1999), employees will produce more effort in their work when they are appreciated, valued and understood by the employer. Steve should set up a guide of basic principles to coach employees when there is a problem. Base on the value of Lisa to the company, Steve should not reprimand her straight away without any options for explanation and when he did reprimanded her he should explain his decision. Steve could improve the relationship between Lisa and Leanne by informing them how others feel, how much effect can cause, and suggest them how to improve themselves. Steve’s management at InsureCo. he is committed to the company’s goals, according to Salaman (2001), it sometimes refers to as mission statement. In the case, increase salary was any approach that Steve regarded as important. The aim is to fend off growing competition. The increase of salary could not always motivate his staff. The reasons are mentioned in the previous citations. 3. 0Main Problems Defined |Primary Problems |Secondary Problems | |Poor leadership – New leadership of the firm, lack of managerial |Poor motivational skills | |experience. |Staff lacks motivation | |Poor planning – No technical training system been put in. No specific job description written for employees | |No formal policies written for rewards and punishment |Increase in workloads | | |Lack of co-operation | | |Manager has poor communication skills | | |Ineffective communication of expectations | | |Employees’ value not appreciated | | |Overload work causes delays | | |Multitask been given to employees | | |Management has no understanding of employees’ needs | | |Poor relationship between staff and manager | | |Pressure in the training department | | |Lack of fair treatment for staff | 5 . Appendices 5. 1Appendix 1: SWOT Analysis [pic] 2. Appendix 2: Equity Theory Table by Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter (2003) Perceived ratio comparisonEmployee’s assessment Outcomes AOutcomes B Inputs A Inputs B (Inequity-under rewarded) Outcomes A=Outcomes B Inputs A Inputs B (Equity) Outcomes AOutcomes B Inputs A Inputs B (Inequity-over rewarded) ———————– Threats ? Exposed weaknesses in the company ? Strong global competitors ? Complaints from staff ? Compensation claim from staff Opportunities ? Government proposed new Financial Services Reform Bill – Make sure entire staff had been trained Weaknesses ? Poor leadership ? Poor planning ? No formal policies for rewards punishments are written ? Poor motivational skill ? Staff lacks motivation ? No specific job description written for employees ? Increase of workload ? Lack of co-operation ? Poor communication skills ? Staff’s value not appreciated ? Overload work causes delays ? Multitask given ? Management has no understanding of employees’ needs ? Poor decision making ? Pressure in the training department ? Lack of fair treatment for employees ? Strengths ? Large finance and insurance company ? Market presence ? Large customer base ? Long profitable history ? Promotions for employees ? How to cite Individual Analysis, Papers

Patriots or Traitors free essay sample

However, as history shows, the Founding Fathers were clearly patriots. Through their love of this country while trying to resolve issues without violence, their patriotism clearly defines this nation. In the aftermath of the French and Indian War, Britain was not only victorious, but also deep in debt. Taking advantage of the colonies, Britain attempted to raise revenues by taxing the colonists heavily. Taxation acts such as the Stamp Act, Townsend Acts, and Intolerable Acts enraged the Illinois.However, rather than acting in full violent revolt, the Sons of Liberty as well as other colonists tried to solve this problem through nonviolent means, such as boycotting British goods. In May 1 773, the English Parliament passed the Tea Act which was unfavorable to the colonists. Instead of declaring war, the Bostonians boarded the ships carrying the tea and dumped them into the bay, instigating what is now known as the Boston Tea party. We will write a custom essay sample on Patriots or Traitors or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout the beginnings of this nation, the Founding Fathers showed their attrition without bearing arms against the crown.Today, a citizen of the Lignite States has several duties. Obligations such as voting not only allow the people to voice their opinions, but also show that they care for the nation as well. The Founding Fathers are testaments to this, as they were heavily involved in the foundations of this nation. Thomas Jefferson suggested creating committees of correspondence to communicate with the other colonies about British activities. George Washington, Samuel Adams, and others led the protesting of the Townsend Acts.Clearly, the involvement of the Founding Fathers in this time of British oppression invokes a sense of patriotism. Furthermore, the Founding Fathers never chose to go to war with Britain. On the contrary, they repeatedly tried to reconcile with King George Ill. On July 1 775, the Continental Congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to the king which urged him to resolve their grievances peacefully. However, the king rejected the petition. On July 4, 1776, Congress issued the Declaration of Independence, to which it was received by a deaf ear. Through the attempts at reconciliation, the Founding Fathers were shown not to be traitors. Instead, it can be argued that Britain turned its back on the colonists when it declared war on the colonies. The online Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines traitor as one who commits treason. The Founding Fathers never committed this act. They resorted to nonviolent means for combating the taxes placed on them, they were heavily involved in the nations roots, and they attempted to reconcile with the king on several occasions.Although one may argue that they committed treason when signing the Declaration of Independence, this is not the case. They had already previously tried to resolve conflicts with the king, but to no avail. Instead, the signing of the Declaration of Independence signifies their most patriotic act. If captured, the Founding Fathers would be deemed for an act they had not committed (treason) and would be hanged. Thus, the Founding Fathers literally put their lives on the line for this nation and are and have always been patriots.